(Grav GitSync) Automatic Commit from RealStickman
This commit is contained in:
RealStickman
GitSync
parent
fda27a3fae
commit
97795c4fae
374
pages/02.linux/23.guides/02.arch/default.en.md
Normal file
374
pages/02.linux/23.guides/02.arch/default.en.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
|
|||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
title: Arch
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Keyboard layout
|
||||||
|
`loadkeys de_CH-latin1`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Check UEFI mode
|
||||||
|
If the following command works, the system is booted in EFI.
|
||||||
|
`ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Verify internet connection
|
||||||
|
`ping www.realstickman.net`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Update system clock
|
||||||
|
`timedatectl set-ntp true`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Creating partitions
|
||||||
|
`cfdisk`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Use `EFI System` for EFI partition
|
||||||
|
Use `Linux filesystem` for other partitions
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## (LUKS) Create encrypted partition
|
||||||
|
*Note: Do not put your /efi partition on an encrypted partition!*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Create encrypted Partition
|
||||||
|
`cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/(partition) --type luks1`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
To view if this worked correctly
|
||||||
|
`cryptsetup luksDump /dev/(partition)`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Open the partition
|
||||||
|
Give it a fitting name
|
||||||
|
`cryptsetup open /dev/(partition) (name)`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Check if this worked with `ls /dev/mapper/`
|
||||||
|
The name should show up there
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Format partitions
|
||||||
|
Fat 32:
|
||||||
|
`mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/(partition)`
|
||||||
|
*For EFI or BOOT partition*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Ext4:
|
||||||
|
`mkfs.ext4 /dev/(partition)`
|
||||||
|
*All other partitions*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
btrfs:
|
||||||
|
`mkfs.btrfs /dev/(partition)`
|
||||||
|
*All other partitions*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
F2FS:
|
||||||
|
`mkfs.f2fs -O extra_attr,inode_checksum,sb_checksum,compression /dev/(partition)`
|
||||||
|
*All other partitions*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Mounting partitions
|
||||||
|
Generally partitions have to be mounted where you will later use them in your system.
|
||||||
|
BTRFS with its subvolumes is a special case
|
||||||
|
For EFI, prefer the /efi mountpoint
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
Root: /mnt
|
||||||
|
EFI: /mnt/efi or /mnt/boot
|
||||||
|
Home: /mnt/home
|
||||||
|
etc...
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### (BTRFS) Btrfs preparation of subvolumes and mounting
|
||||||
|
Mount root partition
|
||||||
|
`mount /dev/(partition) /mnt`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Root subvolume
|
||||||
|
`btrfs subv create /mnt/@`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Home subvolume
|
||||||
|
`btrfs subv create /mnt/@home`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Snapshots subvolume for snapper
|
||||||
|
`btrfs subv create /mnt/@snapshots`
|
||||||
|
Snapshots subvolume for timeshift
|
||||||
|
`btrfs subv create /mnt/@timeshift`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Var subvolume
|
||||||
|
`btrfs subv create /mnt/@var_log`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*If you want to use a swapfile with Snapper, create a new subvolume now*
|
||||||
|
Swap subvolume
|
||||||
|
`btrfs subv create /mnt/@swap`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`umount /mnt`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Mount root
|
||||||
|
`mount -o noatime,compress-force=zstd,space_cache=v2,subvol=@ /dev/(partition) /mnt`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
With /efi
|
||||||
|
`mkdir -p /mnt/{efi,home,.snapshots,var/log,swap}`
|
||||||
|
With /boot
|
||||||
|
`mkdir -p /mnt/{boot,home,.snapshots,var/log,swap}`
|
||||||
|
With /boot and timeshift
|
||||||
|
`mkdir -p /mnt/{boot,home,timeshift-btrfs,var/log,swap}`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Mount home
|
||||||
|
`mount -o noatime,compress-force=zstd,space_cache=v2,subvol=@home /dev/(partition) /mnt/home`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Mount snapshots for snapper
|
||||||
|
`mount -o noatime,compress-force=zstd,space_cache=v2,subvol=@snapshots /dev/(partition) /mnt/.snapshots`
|
||||||
|
Mount snapshots for timeshift
|
||||||
|
`mount -o noatime,compress-force=zstd,space_cache=v2,subvol=@timeshift /dev/(partition) /mnt/timeshift-btrfs`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Mount var
|
||||||
|
`mount -o noatime,compress-force=zstd,space_cache=v2,subvol=@var_log /dev/(partition) /mnt/var/log`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Swap subvolume
|
||||||
|
`mount -o noatime,compress-force=zstd,space_cache=v2,subvol=@swap /dev/(partition) /mnt/swap`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Don't forget mounting other partitions!!**
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### (F2FS) Mounting
|
||||||
|
Mount partition with compression algorithm specified
|
||||||
|
`mount -o compress_algorithm=zstd /dev/(partition) /mnt`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
With /efi
|
||||||
|
`mkdir -p /mnt/efi`
|
||||||
|
With /boot
|
||||||
|
`mkdir -p /mnt/boot`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Don't forget mounting other partitions!!**
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Swap
|
||||||
|
### Swap partition
|
||||||
|
TODO
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Swapfile
|
||||||
|
#### Normal way
|
||||||
|
**NOT FOR BTRFS!**
|
||||||
|
`dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/swapfile bs=1M count=(size) status=progress`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### (BTRFS) Swapfile in btrfs
|
||||||
|
*Does not work with snapper*
|
||||||
|
*Use a separate subvolume in that case*
|
||||||
|
`truncate -s 0 /mnt/swapfile`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`chattr +C /mnt/swapfile`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`btrfs property set /mnt/swapfile compression none`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`fallocate -l (size)M /mnt/swapfile`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Initialising swapfile
|
||||||
|
`chmod 600 /mnt/swapfile`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`mkswap /mnt/swapfile`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`swapon /mnt/swapfile`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Essential packages
|
||||||
|
Some things like the userspace utilities for file management will vary.
|
||||||
|
See [file systems](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/File_systems#Types_of_file_systems)
|
||||||
|
`pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware vim git openssh networkmanager network-manager-applet dialog base-devel linux-headers`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Microcode
|
||||||
|
`amd-ucode`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`intel-ucode`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Filesystems
|
||||||
|
Fat32:
|
||||||
|
`dosfstools mtools`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Ext4:
|
||||||
|
`e2fsprogs`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Btrfs:
|
||||||
|
`btrfs-progs compsize`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
F2FS:
|
||||||
|
`f2fs-tools`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Wifi
|
||||||
|
`wpa_supplicant`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Snapper
|
||||||
|
`snapper`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Certificates
|
||||||
|
`ca-certificates ca-certificates-mozilla`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### other
|
||||||
|
`cups hplip xdg-utils xdg-user-dirs inetutils`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Generate fstab
|
||||||
|
`genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab`
|
||||||
|
**Make sure the fstab file has everything included**
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Chroot into the system
|
||||||
|
`arch-chroot /mnt`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Set timezone
|
||||||
|
`ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Zurich /etc/localtime`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Set hardware clock
|
||||||
|
`hwclock --systohc`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Set locale
|
||||||
|
`vim /etc/locale.gen`
|
||||||
|
Uncomment the locales that should be generated.
|
||||||
|
Make sure to use a UTF-8 entry.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`locale-gen`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`echo "LANG=de_CH.UTF-8" > /etc/locale.conf`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Set keymap permanently
|
||||||
|
`echo "KEYMAP=de_CH-latin1" > /etc/vconsole.conf`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Set hostname
|
||||||
|
`echo "(hostname)" > /etc/hostname`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Edit `/etc/hosts`
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
127.0.0.1 localhost
|
||||||
|
::1 localhost
|
||||||
|
127.0.1.1 (hostname).localdomain (hostname)
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Change root password
|
||||||
|
`passwd`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Bootloader installation
|
||||||
|
### GRUB UEFI
|
||||||
|
`pacman -S grub efibootmgr`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
If you are using encryption, see the next section first. **Make sure to come back here again though**
|
||||||
|
`grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=(efi partition mountpoint) --bootloader-id=GRUB`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### (LUKS) Encryption with /efi
|
||||||
|
Create keyfile and add it to mkinitcpio.conf
|
||||||
|
`dd bs=512 count=4 if=/dev/random of=/crypto_keyfile.bin iflag=fullblock`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`chmod 600 /crypto_keyfile.bin`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**This command should be run after installing a new kernel!**
|
||||||
|
`chmod 600 /boot/initramfs-linux*`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/(partition) /crypto_keyfile.bin`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Include the file in `/etc/mkinitcpio.conf`
|
||||||
|
`FILES=(/crypto_keyfile.bin)`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Edit the `HOOKS` section as well. *Example:*
|
||||||
|
`HOOKS=(base udev autodetect keyboard keymap modconf block encrypt filesystems fsck)`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`mkinitcpio -p linux`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Edit `/etc/default/grub`
|
||||||
|
`GRUB_ENABLE_CRYPTODISK=y`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Some options in `GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT`
|
||||||
|
**Make sure to change /dev/(partition) to UUID ASAP!**
|
||||||
|
*Not sure how to actually do that though, will have to read some more.*
|
||||||
|
`cryptdevice=/dev/(partition):(name)`
|
||||||
|
`cryptkey=/dev/mapper/(name):(filesystem):/crypto_keyfile.bin`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Go back and install grub!!**
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### (LUKS) Encryption with /boot
|
||||||
|
Edit the `HOOKS` section in `/etc/mkinitcpio.conf` *Example:*
|
||||||
|
`HOOKS=(base udev autodetect keyboard keymap modconf block encrypt filesystems fsck)`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`mkinitcpio -p linux`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Next, edit `/etc/default/grub`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Add an option in `GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT`
|
||||||
|
**Make sure to change /dev/(partition) to UUID ASAP!**
|
||||||
|
*Not sure how to actually do that though, will have to read some more.*
|
||||||
|
`cryptdevice=/dev/(partition):(name)`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Go back and install grub!!**
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Mkinitcpio
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### BTRFS
|
||||||
|
Load required modules
|
||||||
|
`vim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf`
|
||||||
|
`MODULES=(btrfs)`
|
||||||
|
`BINARIES=("/usr/bin/btrfs")`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`mkinitcpio -p linux`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Go back and install grub!!**
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### EXT4
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### F2FS
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Networking
|
||||||
|
`systemctl enable NetworkManager`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## (CUPS) Printing
|
||||||
|
`systemctl enable cups`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Add user
|
||||||
|
`useradd -mG wheel (user)`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Set password
|
||||||
|
`passwd (user)`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Enable sudo
|
||||||
|
`visudo`
|
||||||
|
Uncomment `%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Finishing installation
|
||||||
|
`exit`
|
||||||
|
`poweroff`
|
||||||
|
Remove the installation cd
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## (Snapper) Setup
|
||||||
|
`# umount /.snapshots`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`# rm -r /.snapshots`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Create snapper config
|
||||||
|
`# snapper -c root create-config /`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Delete unneeded volume
|
||||||
|
`# btrfs subv del /.snapshots/`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`# mkdir /.snapshots`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Mount snapshots volume
|
||||||
|
`# mount -a`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`# chmod 750 /.snapshots`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`# vim /etc/snapper/configs/root`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Change these things:
|
||||||
|
`ALLOW_USERS="(user)"`
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
TIMELINE_LIMIT_HOURLY="5"
|
||||||
|
TIMELINE_LIMIT_DAILY="7"
|
||||||
|
TIMELINE_LIMIT_WEEKLY="0"
|
||||||
|
TIMELINE_LIMIT_MONTHLY="0"
|
||||||
|
TIMELINE_LIMIT_YEARLY="0"
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Enable snapper
|
||||||
|
`# systemctl enable --now snapper-timeline.timer`
|
||||||
|
`# systemctl enable --now snapper-cleanup.timer`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Allow user to access snapshots
|
||||||
|
`# chmod a+rx /.snapshots`
|
||||||
|
`# chown :(user) /.snapshots`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Install AUR helper
|
||||||
|
### yay
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay.git
|
||||||
|
cd yay
|
||||||
|
makepkg -si
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### paru
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/paru.git
|
||||||
|
cd paru
|
||||||
|
makepkg -si
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## (Snapper) Snap pac and GUI
|
||||||
|
`$ paru -S snap-pac-grub snapper-gui`
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user