--- title: Arch visible: true --- [toc] ## Keyboard layout `loadkeys de_CH-latin1` ## Check UEFI mode If the following command works, the system is booted in EFI. `ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars` ## Verify internet connection `ping www.realstickman.net` ## Update system clock `timedatectl set-ntp true` ## Creating partitions `cfdisk` Use `EFI System` for EFI partition Use `Linux filesystem` for other partitions ## (LUKS) Create encrypted partition _Note: Do not put your /efi partition on an encrypted partition!_ Create encrypted Partition `cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/(partition) --type luks1` To view if this worked correctly `cryptsetup luksDump /dev/(partition)` Open the partition Give it a fitting name `cryptsetup open /dev/(partition) (name)` Check if this worked with `ls /dev/mapper/` The name should show up there ## Format partitions Fat 32: `mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/(partition)` _For EFI or BOOT partition_ Ext4: `mkfs.ext4 /dev/(partition)` _All other partitions_ btrfs: `mkfs.btrfs /dev/(partition)` _All other partitions_ F2FS: `mkfs.f2fs -O extra_attr,inode_checksum,sb_checksum,compression /dev/(partition)` _All other partitions_ ## Mounting partitions Generally partitions have to be mounted where you will later use them in your system. BTRFS with its subvolumes is a special case For EFI, prefer the /efi mountpoint ``` Root: /mnt EFI: /mnt/efi or /mnt/boot Home: /mnt/home etc... ``` ### (BTRFS) Btrfs preparation of subvolumes and mounting Mount root partition `mount /dev/(partition) /mnt` Root subvolume `btrfs subv create /mnt/@` Home subvolume `btrfs subv create /mnt/@home` Snapshots subvolume for snapper `btrfs subv create /mnt/@snapshots` Snapshots subvolume for timeshift `btrfs subv create /mnt/@timeshift` Var subvolume `btrfs subv create /mnt/@var_log` _If you want to use a swapfile with Snapper, create a new subvolume now_ Swap subvolume `btrfs subv create /mnt/@swap` `umount /mnt` Mount root `mount -o noatime,compress-force=zstd,space_cache=v2,subvol=@ /dev/(partition) /mnt` With /efi `mkdir -p /mnt/{efi,home,.snapshots,var/log,swap}` With /boot `mkdir -p /mnt/{boot,home,.snapshots,var/log,swap}` With /boot and timeshift `mkdir -p /mnt/{boot,home,timeshift-btrfs,var/log,swap}` Mount home `mount -o noatime,compress-force=zstd,space_cache=v2,subvol=@home /dev/(partition) /mnt/home` Mount snapshots for snapper `mount -o noatime,compress-force=zstd,space_cache=v2,subvol=@snapshots /dev/(partition) /mnt/.snapshots` Mount snapshots for timeshift `mount -o noatime,compress-force=zstd,space_cache=v2,subvol=@timeshift /dev/(partition) /mnt/timeshift-btrfs` Mount var `mount -o noatime,compress-force=zstd,space_cache=v2,subvol=@var_log /dev/(partition) /mnt/var/log` Swap subvolume `mount -o noatime,compress-force=zstd,space_cache=v2,subvol=@swap /dev/(partition) /mnt/swap` **Don't forget mounting other partitions!!** ### (F2FS) Mounting Mount partition with compression algorithm specified `mount -o compress_algorithm=zstd /dev/(partition) /mnt` With /efi `mkdir -p /mnt/efi` With /boot `mkdir -p /mnt/boot` **Don't forget mounting other partitions!!** ## Swap ### Swap partition TODO ### Swapfile #### Normal way **NOT FOR BTRFS!** `dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/swapfile bs=1M count=(size) status=progress` #### (BTRFS) Swapfile in btrfs _Does not work with snapper_ _Use a separate subvolume in that case_ ```sh truncate -s 0 /mnt/swapfile chattr +C /mnt/swapfile btrfs property set /mnt/swapfile compression none fallocate -l (size)M /mnt/swapfile ``` #### Initialising swapfile ```sh chmod 600 /mnt/swapfile mkswap /mnt/swapfile swapon /mnt/swapfile ``` ## Essential packages Some things like the userspace utilities for file management will vary. See [file systems](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/File_systems#Types_of_file_systems) `pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware vim git openssh networkmanager network-manager-applet dialog base-devel linux-headers` ### Microcode `amd-ucode` `intel-ucode` ### Filesystems Fat32: `dosfstools mtools` Ext4: `e2fsprogs` Btrfs: `btrfs-progs compsize` F2FS: `f2fs-tools` ### Wifi `wpa_supplicant` ### Snapper `snapper` ### Certificates `ca-certificates ca-certificates-mozilla` ### other `cups hplip xdg-utils xdg-user-dirs inetutils` ## Generate fstab `genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab` **Make sure the fstab file has everything included** ## Chroot into the system `arch-chroot /mnt` ## Set timezone `ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Zurich /etc/localtime` ## Set hardware clock `hwclock --systohc` ## Set locale `vim /etc/locale.gen` Uncomment the locales that should be generated. Make sure to use a UTF-8 entry. `locale-gen` `echo "LANG=de_CH.UTF-8" > /etc/locale.conf` ## Set keymap permanently `echo "KEYMAP=de_CH-latin1" > /etc/vconsole.conf` ## Set hostname `echo "(hostname)" > /etc/hostname` Edit `/etc/hosts` ``` 127.0.0.1 localhost ::1 localhost 127.0.1.1 (hostname).localdomain (hostname) ``` ## Change root password `passwd` ## Bootloader installation ### GRUB UEFI `pacman -S grub efibootmgr` If you are using encryption, see the next section first. **Make sure to come back here again though** `grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=(efi partition mountpoint) --bootloader-id=GRUB` `grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg` #### (LUKS) Encryption with /efi Create keyfile and add it to mkinitcpio.conf `dd bs=512 count=4 if=/dev/random of=/crypto_keyfile.bin iflag=fullblock` `chmod 600 /crypto_keyfile.bin` **This command should be run after installing a new kernel!** `chmod 600 /boot/initramfs-linux*` `cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/(partition) /crypto_keyfile.bin` Include the file in `/etc/mkinitcpio.conf` `FILES=(/crypto_keyfile.bin)` Edit the `HOOKS` section as well. _Example:_ `HOOKS=(base udev autodetect keyboard keymap modconf block encrypt filesystems fsck)` `mkinitcpio -p linux` Edit `/etc/default/grub` `GRUB_ENABLE_CRYPTODISK=y` Some options in `GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT` **Make sure to change /dev/(partition) to UUID ASAP!** _Not sure how to actually do that though, will have to read some more._ `cryptdevice=/dev/(partition):(name)` `cryptkey=/dev/mapper/(name):(filesystem):/crypto_keyfile.bin` **Go back and install grub!!** #### (LUKS) Encryption with /boot Edit the `HOOKS` section in `/etc/mkinitcpio.conf` _Example:_ `HOOKS=(base udev autodetect keyboard keymap modconf block encrypt filesystems fsck)` `mkinitcpio -p linux` Next, edit `/etc/default/grub` Add an option in `GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT` **Make sure to change /dev/(partition) to UUID ASAP!** _Not sure how to actually do that though, will have to read some more._ `cryptdevice=/dev/(partition):(name)` **Go back and install grub!!** ## Mkinitcpio ### BTRFS Load required modules `vim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf` `MODULES=(btrfs)` `BINARIES=("/usr/bin/btrfs")` `mkinitcpio -p linux` **Go back and install grub!!** ### EXT4 ### F2FS ## Networking `systemctl enable NetworkManager` ## (CUPS) Printing `systemctl enable cups` ## Add user `useradd -mG wheel (user)` Set password `passwd (user)` ### Enable sudo `visudo` Uncomment `%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL` ## Finishing installation `exit` `poweroff` Remove the installation cd ## (Snapper) Setup `# umount /.snapshots` `# rm -r /.snapshots` Create snapper config `# snapper -c root create-config /` Delete unneeded volume `# btrfs subv del /.snapshots/` `# mkdir /.snapshots` Mount snapshots volume `# mount -a` `# chmod 750 /.snapshots` `# vim /etc/snapper/configs/root` Change these things: `ALLOW_USERS="(user)"` ``` TIMELINE_LIMIT_HOURLY="5" TIMELINE_LIMIT_DAILY="7" TIMELINE_LIMIT_WEEKLY="0" TIMELINE_LIMIT_MONTHLY="0" TIMELINE_LIMIT_YEARLY="0" ``` Enable snapper `# systemctl enable --now snapper-timeline.timer` `# systemctl enable --now snapper-cleanup.timer` Allow user to access snapshots `# chmod a+rx /.snapshots` `# chown :(user) /.snapshots` ## Install AUR helper ### yay ```sh git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay.git cd yay makepkg -si ``` ### paru ```sh git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/paru.git cd paru makepkg -si ``` ## (Snapper) Snap pac and GUI `$ paru -S snap-pac-grub snapper-gui`