8.3 KiB
| title |
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| Arch |
Keyboard layout
loadkeys de_CH-latin1
Check UEFI mode
If the following command works, the system is booted in EFI.
ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
Verify internet connection
ping www.realstickman.net
Update system clock
timedatectl set-ntp true
Creating partitions
cfdisk
Use EFI System for EFI partition
Use Linux filesystem for other partitions
(LUKS) Create encrypted partition
Note: Do not put your /efi partition on an encrypted partition!
Create encrypted Partition
cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/(partition) --type luks1
To view if this worked correctly
cryptsetup luksDump /dev/(partition)
Open the partition
Give it a fitting name
cryptsetup open /dev/(partition) (name)
Check if this worked with ls /dev/mapper/
The name should show up there
Format partitions
Fat 32:
mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/(partition)
For EFI or BOOT partition
Ext4:
mkfs.ext4 /dev/(partition)
All other partitions
btrfs:
mkfs.btrfs /dev/(partition)
All other partitions
F2FS:
mkfs.f2fs -O extra_attr,inode_checksum,sb_checksum,compression /dev/(partition)
All other partitions
Mounting partitions
Generally partitions have to be mounted where you will later use them in your system.
BTRFS with its subvolumes is a special case
For EFI, prefer the /efi mountpoint
Root: /mnt
EFI: /mnt/efi or /mnt/boot
Home: /mnt/home
etc...
(BTRFS) Btrfs preparation of subvolumes and mounting
Mount root partition
mount /dev/(partition) /mnt
Root subvolume
btrfs subv create /mnt/@
Home subvolume
btrfs subv create /mnt/@home
Snapshots subvolume for snapper
btrfs subv create /mnt/@snapshots
Snapshots subvolume for timeshift
btrfs subv create /mnt/@timeshift
Var subvolume
btrfs subv create /mnt/@var_log
If you want to use a swapfile with Snapper, create a new subvolume now
Swap subvolume
btrfs subv create /mnt/@swap
umount /mnt
Mount root
mount -o noatime,compress-force=zstd,space_cache=v2,subvol=@ /dev/(partition) /mnt
With /efi
mkdir -p /mnt/{efi,home,.snapshots,var/log,swap}
With /boot
mkdir -p /mnt/{boot,home,.snapshots,var/log,swap}
With /boot and timeshift
mkdir -p /mnt/{boot,home,timeshift-btrfs,var/log,swap}
Mount home
mount -o noatime,compress-force=zstd,space_cache=v2,subvol=@home /dev/(partition) /mnt/home
Mount snapshots for snapper
mount -o noatime,compress-force=zstd,space_cache=v2,subvol=@snapshots /dev/(partition) /mnt/.snapshots
Mount snapshots for timeshift
mount -o noatime,compress-force=zstd,space_cache=v2,subvol=@timeshift /dev/(partition) /mnt/timeshift-btrfs
Mount var
mount -o noatime,compress-force=zstd,space_cache=v2,subvol=@var_log /dev/(partition) /mnt/var/log
Swap subvolume
mount -o noatime,compress-force=zstd,space_cache=v2,subvol=@swap /dev/(partition) /mnt/swap
Don't forget mounting other partitions!!
(F2FS) Mounting
Mount partition with compression algorithm specified
mount -o compress_algorithm=zstd /dev/(partition) /mnt
With /efi
mkdir -p /mnt/efi
With /boot
mkdir -p /mnt/boot
Don't forget mounting other partitions!!
Swap
Swap partition
TODO
Swapfile
Normal way
NOT FOR BTRFS!
dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/swapfile bs=1M count=(size) status=progress
(BTRFS) Swapfile in btrfs
Does not work with snapper
Use a separate subvolume in that case
truncate -s 0 /mnt/swapfile
chattr +C /mnt/swapfile
btrfs property set /mnt/swapfile compression none
fallocate -l (size)M /mnt/swapfile
Initialising swapfile
chmod 600 /mnt/swapfile
mkswap /mnt/swapfile
swapon /mnt/swapfile
Essential packages
Some things like the userspace utilities for file management will vary.
See file systems
pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware vim git openssh networkmanager network-manager-applet dialog base-devel linux-headers
Microcode
amd-ucode
intel-ucode
Filesystems
Fat32:
dosfstools mtools
Ext4:
e2fsprogs
Btrfs:
btrfs-progs compsize
F2FS:
f2fs-tools
Wifi
wpa_supplicant
Snapper
snapper
Certificates
ca-certificates ca-certificates-mozilla
other
cups hplip xdg-utils xdg-user-dirs inetutils
Generate fstab
genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
Make sure the fstab file has everything included
Chroot into the system
arch-chroot /mnt
Set timezone
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Zurich /etc/localtime
Set hardware clock
hwclock --systohc
Set locale
vim /etc/locale.gen
Uncomment the locales that should be generated.
Make sure to use a UTF-8 entry.
locale-gen
echo "LANG=de_CH.UTF-8" > /etc/locale.conf
Set keymap permanently
echo "KEYMAP=de_CH-latin1" > /etc/vconsole.conf
Set hostname
echo "(hostname)" > /etc/hostname
Edit /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost
127.0.1.1 (hostname).localdomain (hostname)
Change root password
passwd
Bootloader installation
GRUB UEFI
pacman -S grub efibootmgr
If you are using encryption, see the next section first. Make sure to come back here again though
grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=(efi partition mountpoint) --bootloader-id=GRUB
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
(LUKS) Encryption with /efi
Create keyfile and add it to mkinitcpio.conf
dd bs=512 count=4 if=/dev/random of=/crypto_keyfile.bin iflag=fullblock
chmod 600 /crypto_keyfile.bin
This command should be run after installing a new kernel!
chmod 600 /boot/initramfs-linux*
cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/(partition) /crypto_keyfile.bin
Include the file in /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
FILES=(/crypto_keyfile.bin)
Edit the HOOKS section as well. Example:
HOOKS=(base udev autodetect keyboard keymap modconf block encrypt filesystems fsck)
mkinitcpio -p linux
Edit /etc/default/grub
GRUB_ENABLE_CRYPTODISK=y
Some options in GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT
Make sure to change /dev/(partition) to UUID ASAP!
Not sure how to actually do that though, will have to read some more.
cryptdevice=/dev/(partition):(name)
cryptkey=/dev/mapper/(name):(filesystem):/crypto_keyfile.bin
Go back and install grub!!
(LUKS) Encryption with /boot
Edit the HOOKS section in /etc/mkinitcpio.conf Example:
HOOKS=(base udev autodetect keyboard keymap modconf block encrypt filesystems fsck)
mkinitcpio -p linux
Next, edit /etc/default/grub
Add an option in GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT
Make sure to change /dev/(partition) to UUID ASAP!
Not sure how to actually do that though, will have to read some more.
cryptdevice=/dev/(partition):(name)
Go back and install grub!!
Mkinitcpio
BTRFS
Load required modules
vim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
MODULES=(btrfs)
BINARIES=("/usr/bin/btrfs")
mkinitcpio -p linux
Go back and install grub!!
EXT4
F2FS
Networking
systemctl enable NetworkManager
(CUPS) Printing
systemctl enable cups
Add user
useradd -mG wheel (user)
Set password
passwd (user)
Enable sudo
visudo
Uncomment %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
Finishing installation
exit
poweroff
Remove the installation cd
(Snapper) Setup
# umount /.snapshots
# rm -r /.snapshots
Create snapper config
# snapper -c root create-config /
Delete unneeded volume
# btrfs subv del /.snapshots/
# mkdir /.snapshots
Mount snapshots volume
# mount -a
# chmod 750 /.snapshots
# vim /etc/snapper/configs/root
Change these things:
ALLOW_USERS="(user)"
TIMELINE_LIMIT_HOURLY="5"
TIMELINE_LIMIT_DAILY="7"
TIMELINE_LIMIT_WEEKLY="0"
TIMELINE_LIMIT_MONTHLY="0"
TIMELINE_LIMIT_YEARLY="0"
Enable snapper
# systemctl enable --now snapper-timeline.timer
# systemctl enable --now snapper-cleanup.timer
Allow user to access snapshots
# chmod a+rx /.snapshots
# chown :(user) /.snapshots
Install AUR helper
yay
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay.git
cd yay
makepkg -si
paru
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/paru.git
cd paru
makepkg -si
(Snapper) Snap pac and GUI
$ paru -S snap-pac-grub snapper-gui