8.1 KiB
| title | visible |
|---|---|
| NixOS | true |
[toc]
Change to Root user
sudo su
Keyboard Layout
loadkeys de_CH-latin1
Check UEFI mode
If the following command works, the system is booted in EFI.
ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
Verify internet connection
ping wiki.exu.li
Creating partitions
cfdisk
Use EFI System for EFI partition
Use Linux filesystem for other partitions
(LUKS) Create encrypted partition
Note: Do not put your /efi or /boot partition on an encrypted partition!
Create encrypted Partition
cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/(partition)
To view if this worked correctly
cryptsetup luksDump /dev/(partition)
Open the partition
Give it a fitting name
cryptsetup open /dev/(partition) (name)
Check if this worked with ls /dev/mapper/
The name should show up there
Format partitions
For EFI or BOOT partition
Fat 32:
mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/(partition)
All other partitions
btrfs:
mkfs.btrfs /dev/(partition)
Mounting partitions
Generally partitions have to be mounted where you will later use them in your system.
BTRFS with its subvolumes is a special case
Root: /mnt
EFI: /mnt/boot
Home: /mnt/home
etc...
Boot partition
mkdir /mnt/boot
mount /dev/(partition) /mnt/boot
[BTRFS] Btrfs preparation of subvolumes and mounting
Mount root partition
mount /dev/(partition) /mnt
btrfs subvolume create /mnt/root
btrfs subvolume create /mnt/home
btrfs subvolume create /mnt/nix
btrfs subvolume create /mnt/swap
umount /mnt
mount -o compress=zstd,subvol=root /dev/(partition) /mnt
mkdir /mnt/{boot,home,nix,swap}
mount -o compress=zstd,subvol=home /dev/(partition) /mnt/home
mount -o compress=zstd,noatime,subvol=nix /dev/(partition) /mnt/nix
mount -o noatime,subvol=swap /dev/(partition) /mnt/swap
Don't forget mounting other partitions!!
Swap
Swapfile
[BTRFS] Swapfile on btrfs
truncate -s 0 /mnt/swap/swapfile
chattr +C /mnt/swap/swapfile
btrfs property set /mnt/swap/swapfile compression none
fallocate -l (size)M /mnt/swap/swapfile
Initialising swapfile
chmod 600 /mnt/swap/swapfile
mkswap /mnt/swap/swapfile
swapon /mnt/swap/swapfile
Generate initial config
nixos-generate-config --root /mnt
Modify config file
{ config, pkgs, ... }:
let
user = "exu";
hostname = "nixos";
in
{
# systemd-boot configuration limit
boot.loader.systemd-boot.configurationLimit = 5;
# Define hostname
networking.hostName = "${hostname}";
# time zone
time.timeZone = "Europe/Zurich";
# default locale
i18n.defaultLocale = "de_CH.UTF-8";
# TTY keymap
console = {
keyMap = "de_CH-latin1";
};
# Enable X11
services.xserver = {
enable = true;
#displayManager.defaultSession = "none+hyprland";
displayManager.lightdm = {
enable = true;
greeters.gtk.enable = true;
};
windowManager.openbox = {
enable = true;
};
};
# TODO figure out how to get this working in the ISO
# Hyprland
#programs.hyprland = {
# enable = true;
#};
# X11 keymap
services.xserver.layout = "ch";
# CUPS
services.printing.enable = true;
# Pipewire
security.rtkit.enable = true;
services.pipewire = {
enable = true;
alsa.enable = true;
alsa.support32Bit = true;
pulse.enable = true;
# If you want to use JACK applications, uncomment this
#jack.enable = true;
};
# Enable touchpad support
services.xserver.libinput.enable = true;
# Enable fish shell for nix
programs.fish.enable = true;
# Create user with initial password
users.users.${user} = {
isNormalUser = true;
extraGroups = [ "wheel" "video" "audio" "networkmanager" "lp" "scanner" ];
initialPassword = "pass";
shell = pkgs.fish;
};
# System installed packages
environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
vim
wget
];
# Allow unfree packages
nixpkgs.config.allowUnfree = true;
# Enable SSH server
services.openssh.enable = true;
[BTRFS] Mount options
Mount options are not automatically detected and have to be readded manually to their respective filesystems. As the hardware-config file is automatically generated, we have to add the relevant options in our main config file.
# BTRFS options
fileSystems = {
"/".options = [ "compress=zstd" ];
"/home".options = [ "compress=zstd" ];
"/nix".options = [ "compress=zstd" "noatime" ];
"/swap".options = [ "noatime" ];
};
Swapfile configuration
The swapfile is not automatically detected either and has to be specified in the configuration file.
swapDevices = [ { device = "/swap/swapfile"; } ];
Modify hardware config file
networking.useDHCP = lib.mkDefault false;
networking.interfaces.(interface).useDHCP = lib.mkDefault true;
Installation
NOTE: Hyprland is not yet in any stable release of NixOS and needs to be specified later maybe?
nixos-install
You will be prompted to set a password for the root user.
Upgrade to unstable
From the installed system, run the following commands to change to the unstable channel.
Note that using sudo is required to change the system channel.
sudo nix-channel --add https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable nixos
And rebuild the system
Before rebuilding it is possible to reenable the previously commented config for Hyprland
# Hyprland
programs.hyprland = {
enable = true;
};
Rebuild with upgrading packages
sudo nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade
Rebuild without upgrading packages
sudo nixos-rebuild switch
Usefull commands
Install single package as user
nix-env -iA nixos.(package)
Uninstall single user package
nix-env -e (package)
Rebuild and upgrade nix config
nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade
Collect and delete old packages
nix-collect-garbage --delete-old
nix-collect-garbage
nix-collect-garbage -d
List generations
nix-env --list-generations
Delete generations
nix-env --delete-generations (gen1) (gen2) # generation gen1 and gen2
nix-env --delete-generations 7d # older than 7 days
"Fixing?" errors about derivations
While trying to rebuild NixOS in a test VM I made, I ran across the following errors:
unpacking channels...
this derivation will be built:
/nix/store/xzmcf9zqnk3jlkdk7z80y9f1xwjlh89k-nixos-rebuild.drv
error: getting status of '/nix/store/a9ndjg0b1ivi0av9m93vfkrndp7fqbw1-strip.sh': No such file or directory
building Nix...
error: opening file '/nix/store/6igxs6xrl07pfh7l2lcls4z43b61xpn3-patchelf-0.15.0.drv': No such file or directory
Nix seemed to still point to some older paths for some reason.
After some scouring the web, I finally found a post that helped me.
From this post I got the following command
nix-store --verify --check-contents --repair
Running the command only once did not resolve all errors, so I just ran it multiple times until it didn't output any errors anymore.
Automatisms
Automatic upgrades
# Enable automatic package upgrades
system.autoUpgrade = {
enable = true;
channel = "https://nixos.org/channels/nixos-unstable";
};
Automatic garbage collection
# Enable automatic garbage collection
nix = {
settings.auto-optimise-store = true;
gc = {
automatic = true;
dates = "weekly";
options = "--delete-older-than 7d";
};
};
Home-Manager
Add the Home-Manager channel to NixOS
sudo nix-channel --add https://github.com/nix-community/home-manager/archive/master.tar.gz home-manager
sudo nix-channel --update
Add <home-manager/nixos> in the imports list of configuration.nix
imports =
[
./hardware-configuration.nix
<home-manager/nixos>
];
home-manager.users.${user} = { pkgs, ... }: {
home.stateVersion = "22.11" # same as the system.stateVersion
home.packages = [
pkgs.firefox
];
};